Understanding Heart Disease

February 20, 2026

Increase your knowledge and reduce your risk

When it comes to heart disease, knowledge really is power. This is especially true when you use your know-how to take steps to prevent this all-too-common condition from affecting your health and diminishing your quality of life.

Heart disease is responsible for roughly 1 in 5 deaths nationwide, making it the leading cause of death in the United States, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. And while heart disease may be common, it isn’t inevitable. By understanding your risk and taking simple, proactive steps in the right direction, you can protect your heart and improve your overall health and well-being.

What is Heart Disease?

Heart disease is a broad term that describes several conditions that affect your heart and blood vessels. Congenital heart disease refers to a condition you’re born with. Other types of heart disease develop during your lifetime.

These include:

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common type of heart disease. It may also be called coronary heart disease. CAD occurs slowly when a sticky substance called plaque builds up in the arteries that supply your heart with blood. The plaque limits your blood flow, which can lead to additional heart issues, including chest pain (angina), heart failure and heart attack.
Heart valve disease occurs when one or more of your heart valves don't work correctly. Heart valves keep your blood moving in one direction and prevent it from flowing backward as it leaves your heart. Heart valve disease prevents the valve from closing completely, allowing blood to flow back into your heart. It may also cause the valve opening to become narrow (stenosis), reducing blood flow and requiring your heart to pump with more force.
Cardiomyopathy refers to conditions that affect your heart muscle and reduce its ability to pump blood effectively. These diseases affect the size of your heart, making it thicker and more rigid than usual. In rare cases, scar tissue can replace heart tissue.

Am I at Risk for Heart Disease?

Several different things can increase your risk of heart disease. Some of them cannot be changed, including:

Age – Your risk increases as you grow older
Sex – Some risk factors affect women differently than they do men
Race or ethnicity – Certain groups are at higher risk than others
Family history – Your risk is greater if you have an immediate family member who was diagnosed with heart disease at an early age

There are many risk factors you can control by making healthy lifestyle choices and managing any health issues, such as diabetes or high blood pressure.

How Can I Lower My Risk of Heart Disease?

Heart disease may be common, but it isn’t inevitable. Many cases of heart disease can be prevented through healthy habits, screenings and regular medical care.

Eat a balanced diet

A heart-healthy diet emphasizes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins and healthy fats while limiting salt, saturated fats and added sugars.

Keep moving

Regular physical activity strengthens the heart, improves circulation and helps manage weight. Most adults should aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate exercise per week.

Don’t smoke

Avoiding tobacco is one of the most powerful ways to protect your heart health.

Maintain a healthy weight

Excess weight increases strain on your heart and raises the risk of developing high blood pressure, diabetes and cholesterol problems.

Control blood pressure and cholesterol

Managing your blood pressure and cholesterol helps protect your heart and reduce the risk of serious complications. Regular screenings and personalized care can help you stay on track.

Learn More

Taking the next step towards better health starts with learning more. Explore Witham’s Health Library for trusted information and resources to support your heart health.

Comprehensive, Compassionate Care

Witham Cardiology is here to help you take care of your heart at every stage of life. Whether you’re focused on prevention, managing a heart condition or looking for answers, Witham’s cardiology team offers personalized care, clear guidance and support.